ILLC-LIRa April 2021

illc-lira@list.uva.nl

1 participants
11 discussions

LIRa-related event -- PEPTalk #6: Responsible AI, Machine Ethics, and Logic
by LIRa Seminar 30 Apr '21

30 Apr '21

Dear all, Apart from our regular LIRa session next week (advertised earlier), we would like to bring to your attention the PEPTalk on Responsible AI, Machine Ethics, and Logic, featuring Jan Broersen and Marija Slavkovik. The session will be moderated by Aybüke Özgün. It will take place on 6 May 2021, at 12:00 -13:00. The details of the event and the registration are attached below. You can also consult the link: https://www.uva.nl/en/shared-content/faculteiten/en/faculteit-der-geesteswe… Description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing at a rapid pace. Its limitless applications are already an integral part of our daily experiences, (maybe not so) silently structuring our lives and society in crucial domains such as education, healthcare, surveillance, transportation, journalism, and law. As we place more and more safety-critical and consequential social decisions in the hands of artificial systems, we must ensure that these systems behave ethically, and that decisions and actions are taken responsibly. It is therefore increasingly urgent to understand the conceptual underpinnings of the notion of responsibility in AI, and to develop rigorous tools to design artificial systems that behave responsibly and ethically. But, what does it even mean for an artificial system to behave responsibly? Can and should we design machines with moral reasoning capacities? In ensuring responsible and ethical AI, should scalable and efficient, yet opaque, sub-symbolic approaches be replaced by transparent, explainable, yet brittle, symbolic, logic-based techniques? On 6 May 2021, we will discuss these questions in our PEPT panel with Jan Broersen and Marija Slavkovik, emphasizing the role that can be played by the social sciences, humanities, and AI research in an interdisciplinary approach to the issues outlined above. The conversation will be moderated by Aybüke Özgün. The speakers Jan Broersen is a Professor of Logical Methods in Artificial Intelligence at the Department of Philosophy, Utrecht University. He is the principal investigator of the NWO funded research project Empowering Human Intentions through Artificial Intelligence. His main interests are responsible AI, knowledge representation and reasoning, and logic theories of agency. Marija Slavkovik is an Associate Professor in Artificial Intelligence at the Department of Information Science and Media Studies at the University of Bergen. She is a vice-chair of the Norwegian AI Association and co-leader of the project User Modeling, Personalization and Engagement at the Research Centre for Responsible Media Technology and Innovation. Her research interests include machine ethics, logic reasoning in social networks, computational social choice, and judgement aggregation. Aybüke Özgün is an Assistant Professor of Responsible and Ethical AI at the University of Amsterdam and the Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation. She completed a joint PhD degree in Logic and Computer Science at the University of Amsterdam and the University of Lorraine. Registration To participate, please register via pept(a)uva.nl and you will receive the Zoom link by email. The LIRa team

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LIRa Session: Hein Duijf
by LIRa Seminar 30 Apr '21

30 Apr '21

Dear all, We will have our next LIRa session on Thursday, May 6th. Our speaker is Hein Duijf. You can find the details of the talk below. We will use our recurring zoom link: https://uva-live.zoom.us/j/92907704256?pwd=anY3WkFmQVhLZGhjT2JXMlhjQVl1dz09 (Meeting ID: 929 0770 4256, Passcode: 036024). Speaker: Hein Duijf Date and Time: Thursday, May 6th 2021, 16:30-18:00, Amsterdam time. Venue: online. Title: Should one be open-minded? Abstract. I investigate the common intuition that open-mindedness is virtuous, while its opposite – close-mindedness – is vicious. I defend a positive claim that open-mindedness sometimes helps us achieve some basic epistemic goals. However, I also defend a negative claim that open-mindedness sometimes hinders the achievement of some basic epistemic goals. Open-mindedness is only epistemically beneficial if one has decent evaluative skills. These evaluative skills can be understood in several ways: as the social skill to determine whether another person is trustworthy or has mutual interests; or as the evaluative skill to determine whether certain argument or piece of evidence is truth-conducive. In the absence of sufficient evaluative skills and for low degrees of open mindedness, it seems plausible that open-mindedness will not be epistemically fruitful. Hope to see you there! The LIRa team

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LIRa Session: Rustam Galimullin
by LIRa Seminar 28 Apr '21

28 Apr '21

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LIRa Session: Rustam Galimullin
by LIRa Seminar 23 Apr '21

23 Apr '21

Dear all, We will have our next LIRa session on Thursday, April 29th. Our speaker is Rustam Galimullin. You can find the details of the talk below. We will use our recurring zoom link: https://uva-live.zoom.us/j/92907704256?pwd=anY3WkFmQVhLZGhjT2JXMlhjQVl1dz09 (Meeting ID: 929 0770 4256, Passcode: 036024). Speaker: Rustam Galimullin Date and Time: Thursday, April 29th 2021, 16:30-18:00, Amsterdam time. Venue: online. Title: Group Knowledge in Public Communication. Abstract. Group announcement logic (GAL) allows us to reason about whether it is possible for groups of agents to achieve their desired epistemic goals through truthful public communication. Such a strategic setting invites for an analysis of the role of various notions of group knowledge, in particular of common and distributed knowledge. In the talk I will argue that extending GAL with group knowledge operators is not entirely straightforward, and consider the axiomatisations and the relative expressivity of the resulting formalisms. I will try to focus on an accessible presentation of the overall framework, and all the results in the talk will be proved either by providing an intuition or by the appeal to the published work. Hope to see you there! The LIRa team

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LIRa Session: Patricia Rich
by LIRa Seminar 21 Apr '21

21 Apr '21

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LIRa-related VvL Logic at Large Lectures: And Logic Begat Computer Science
by LIRa Seminar 19 Apr '21

19 Apr '21

Dear all, We would like to bring the following event to your attention as it may be of interest to many in the LIRa audience. VvL Logic at Large Lectures: And Logic Begat Computer Science To mark its relaunch the VvL (Dutch Association for Logic and Philosophy of Exact Sciences) has the privilege to announce its first outreach event in 2021. It will take place on *Friday 28 May 2021*. We are very pleased to announce that Professor Moshe Y. Vardi (Rice University) will give a public lecture entitled \"And Logic Begat Computer Science\" (see the abstract below). The event will take place online using Zoom. The talk will be followed first by a short session where invited commentators will react to it, and later by a general Q & A session with the audience. The outreach event will be concluded by a social gathering on the virtual platform Gather.Town. Registration is free, but necessary to receive links to Zoom and Gather.Town. For registration and more information, please visit: http://www.verenigingvoorlogica.nl/activiteiten.shtml Programme: 15:30-15:50 Gathering/Informal discussion 15:50-16:00 An update on VvL and its activities 16:00-17:00 Public Lecture by Moshe Y. Vardi (Rice University): And Logic Begat Computer Science 17:00-17:45 Questions and discussion with commentators 17:45-18:45 Social Event on Gather.Town ------------------------------------------------------------------------- And Logic Begat Computer Science Moshe Y. Vardi Rice University Abstract: During the past fifty years there has been extensive, continuous, and growing interaction between logic and computer science. In fact, logic has been called \"the calculus of computer science\". The argument is that logic plays a fundamental role in computer science, similar to that played by calculus in the physical sciences and traditional engineering disciplines. Indeed, logic plays an important role in areas of computer science as disparate as architecture (logic gates), software engineering (specification and verification), programming languages (semantics, logic programming), databases (relational algebra and SQL), artificial intelligence (automated theorem proving), algorithms (complexity and expressiveness), and theory of computation (general notions of computability). This non-technical talk will provide an overview of the unusual effectiveness of logic in computer science by surveying the history of logic in computer science, going back all the way to Aristotle and Euclid, and showing how logic actually gave rise to computer science.

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LIRa Session: Patricia Rich
by LIRa Seminar 16 Apr '21

16 Apr '21

Dear all, We will have our next LIRa session on Thursday, April 22nd. Our speaker is Patricia Rich. You can find the details of the talk below. We will use our recurring zoom link: https://uva-live.zoom.us/j/92907704256?pwd=anY3WkFmQVhLZGhjT2JXMlhjQVl1dz09 (Meeting ID: 929 0770 4256, Passcode: 036024). Speaker: Patricia Rich Date and Time: Thursday, April 22nd 2021, 16:30-18:00, Amsterdam time. Venue: online. Title: Hidden Costs of Epistemic Conformity: Lessons from Information Cascade Simulations. Abstract. Information cascades are troubling and well-studied because apparently individually-rational responses to evidence can lead entire communities to conform (participate in cascades), and hence to converge on the wrong answer. Yet existing theory cannot explain why a robust, substantial minority of people in experimental studies do not conform. Groups achieve improved reliability thanks to these non-conformists. I use simulations to study cascade problems in an evolutionary setting. The results show that although conforming maximizes expected fitness, non-conformists can persist and often flourish in the population. The reason is that by its nature, conformity carries an evolutionary cost. Hope to see you there! The LIRa team

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LIRa Session: Phil Pützstück
by LIRa Seminar 14 Apr '21

14 Apr '21

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LIRa Session: Phil Pützstück
by LIRa Seminar 09 Apr '21

09 Apr '21

Dear all, We will have our next LIRa session on Thursday, April 15th. Our speaker is Phil Pützstück. You can find the details of the talk below. We will use our recurring zoom link: https://uva-live.zoom.us/j/92907704256?pwd=anY3WkFmQVhLZGhjT2JXMlhjQVl1dz09 (Meeting ID: 929 0770 4256, Passcode: 036024). Speaker: Phil Pützstück (RWTH Aachen University) Date and Time: Thursday, April 15th 2021, 16:30-18:00, Amsterdam time. Venue: online. Title: Logics of Dependence and Independence: The Local Variants. Abstract. Modern logics of dependence and independence are often based on team semantics, which means that formulae are evaluated not on a single assignment of values to variables, but on a set of such assignments, called a team. This leads to non-classicality and high expressive power, on the level of existential second-order logic. As an alternative, Baltag and van Benthem have proposed a local variant of dependence logic LFD. While its semantics is also based on a team, the formulae are evaluated locally on just one of its assignments, and the team just serves as the supply of the possible assignments that are taken into account in the evaluation process. In this way, LFD retains classical boolean semantics, and was also shown to be decidable for the version without equality; the version with equality being undecidable as a corollary to one of our results. We extend the idea of localising logics of dependence and independence in a systematic way, taking into account local variants of standard atomic dependency properties: besides dependence and independence, also inclusion, exclusion, and anonymity. We study decidability issues of the local logics, establish characterisation theorems via appropriate notions of bisimulation and present the complexity of model checking problems for these logics. This talk is based on joint work with Erich Grädel, available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.10368. Hope to see you there! The LIRa team

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LIRa Session: Marta Bílková
by LIRa Seminar 07 Apr '21

07 Apr '21

Dear all, We will have our next LIRa session tomorrow. We will use our recurring zoom link: https://uva-live.zoom.us/j/92907704256?pwd=anY3WkFmQVhLZGhjT2JXMlhjQVl1dz09 (Meeting ID: 929 0770 4256, Passcode: 036024). You can find the details of the talk below. Speaker: Marta Bilkova Date and Time: Thursday, April 8th 2021, 16:30-18:00, Amsterdam time. Venue: online. Title: Belief based on inconsistent information. Abstract. When it comes to information, its potential incompleteness, uncertainty, and contradictoriness needs to be dealt with adequately. Separately, these characteristics have been taken into account by various appropriate logical formalisms and (classical) probability theory. While incompleteness and uncertainty are typically accommodated within one formalism, e.g. within various models of imprecise probability, contradictoriness and uncertainty less so --- conflict or contradictoriness of information is rather chosen to be resolved than to be reasoned with. To reason with conflicting information, positive and negative support---evidence in favour and evidence against---a statement are quantified separately in the semantics. This two-dimensionality gives rise to logics interpreted over twisted-product algebras or bi-lattices, e.g. the well known Belnap-Dunn logic of First Degree Entailment. In this talk, we introduce many-valued paraconsistent logics for uncertainty which are interpreted over twisted-product algebras based on the [0,1] real interval. They can be seen to account for the two-dimensionality of positive and negative component of (the degree of) belief based on potentially contradictory information. The logics include extensions of Łukasiewicz or Gödel logic with a de-Morgan negation which swaps between the positive and negative component. The extensions of Gödel logic in particular turn out to be extensions of Nelson\'s paraconsistent logic N4, or Wansing\'s paraconsistent logic I_4C_4, with the prelinearity axiom. The logics inherit completeness and decidability properties of Łukasiewicz or Gödel logic respectively. They can be applied to reason about belief based on evidence: In [1], a logical framework in which belief is based on potentially contradictory information obtained from multiple, possibly conflicting, sources and is of a probabilistic nature, has been suggested, using a two-layer modal logical framework to account for evidence and belief separately. The logics above are the logics used on the upper level in this framework. The lower level uses Belnap-Dunn logic to model evidence, and its probabilistic extension to give rise to a belief modality. (Based on joint work with S. Frittella, D. Kozhemiachenko, O. Majer, and S. Nazari.) [1] M. Bílková, S. Frittella, O. Majer and S. Nazari: Belief based on inconsistent information, DaLi 2020: Dynamic Logic. New Trends and Applications (M.A. Martins and I. Sedlar, editors), LNCS, vol. 12569, Springer, 2020, pp. 68–86. Hope to see you there! The LIRa team

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ILLC-LIRa April 2021