ILLC-LIRa

illc-lira@list.uva.nl

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582 discussions

Next Thursday: LIRa session: Fan Yang
by LIRa Seminar 29 Nov '15

29 Nov '15

Dear all, On Thursday, December 3rd, we will have a LIRa session with Fan Yang. Everyone is cordially invited! Speaker: Fan Yang (TU Delf) Date and Time: Thursday, December 3rd 2015, 16:00-17:30 Venue: Science Park 107, Room F1.15 Title: Dependence Logic and Arrow’s Theorem. Abstract: Dependence logic [Väänänen 2007] is a new logical formalism that characterizes the notions of “dependence\" and “independence” in social and natural sciences. The logic adopts the so-called team semantics [Hodges 1997]. The basic idea of this new semantics is that properties of dependence and independence cannot be manifested in single assignments, therefore unlike the usual semantics, formulas of dependence logic are evaluated on sets of assignments (called teams). In this talk, we give a brief introduction to dependence logic and its variants (including independence logic [Grädel, Väänänen 2013]). Then, we will use a version of independence logic to formalize Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, which can be viewed as a theorem highlighting an interesting conflict between dependence and independence. (The second part of the talk is based on a joint work with Eric Pacuit.) Hope to see you there! The LIRa team

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Starting Tomorrow: LogiCIC Workshop \"Reasoning in social context\"
by LIRa Seminar 25 Nov '15

25 Nov '15

Dear all, The LIRA affiliated LogiCIC Workshop on Reasoning in social context will start TOMORROW at 9:45am. Here you can find the complete programme: https://logicicworkshop2015.wordpress.com/programme/ Please note that the workshop will take place in “De Doelenzaal”, room C0.07, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Google Maps: http://is.gd/GGv9TK Hope to see you there! The LIRa team

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Next week: LIRa affiliated event: Workshop \"Reasoning in social context\"
by LIRa Seminar 20 Nov '15

20 Nov '15

Dear all, The LIRA affiliated LogiCIC Workshop on Reasoning in social context will take place next week on November 26-28, 2015 in Amsterdam. More information and the detailed programme can be found here: https://logicicworkshop2015.wordpress.com/programme/ Via this workshop, we are creating a forum to exchange ideas and explore new territory in which it is clear that logic can make a difference. We are particularly interested in the interplay between logic and the social sciences, i.e. both in studying complex social-epistemic scenarios as well as in the logical tools and techniques that can be used to model them. We approach the theme of this workshop from an interdisciplinary angle, and welcome any insights on to the topic coming from areas such as Logic, Game Theory, Belief Revision Theory, Formal Epistemology, Social Science, Cognitive Science and AI (multi-agent systems). The focus of this workshop includes (but is not restricted to) the following topics: formal representations of higher-order belief and knowledge – belief revision strategies and knowledge update rules epistemic and doxastic influence information flow in social networks rational interaction epistemic planning This workshop is the fourth event which follows after the workshop on “Correlated Information Change” held in 2014, the workshop on “Social Dynamics of information Change” held in 2013, and the kick-off workshop on “Belief Dynamics in Social Context” held in 2012. Hope to see you there! The LIRa team

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Tomorrow: LIRa discussion with Teddy Seidenfeld
by LIRa Seminar 17 Nov '15

17 Nov '15

Dear all, *tomorrow* we will have a discussion session with Teddy Seidenfeld about the Sleeping Beauty Problem. Date and Time: Wednesday, November 18th from 13:00 to 15:00. Location: Room F3.20 (above ILLC), Science Park 107. Hope to see you there! The LIRa team

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Tomorrow: LIRa session with Iris van de Pol
by LIRa Seminar 11 Nov '15

11 Nov '15

Dear all, please note that TOMORROW, November 12th, we will have a LIRa session with Iris van de Pol. Everyone is cordially invited! Speaker: Iris van de Pol (ILLC) Date and Time: Thursday, November 12th 2015, 16:00-17:30 Venue: Science Park 107, Room F1.15 Title: How Difficult is it to Think that you Think that I Think that . . . ? Abstract. In this talk I will present a DEL-based computational-level model of theory of mind and its (parameterized) complexity. Theory of mind (ToM) is the psychological phenomenon that people attribute mental states like beliefs, desires and intentions to each other, and use these to explain and predict behavior. ToM is an important cognitive capacity, that is by many held to be ubiquitous in social interaction. However, at the same time, ToM seems to involve solving problems that are intractable and thus cannot be performed by humans in a (cognitively) plausible amount of time. I argue that it is not clear how existing claims by cognitive scientists and philosophers about the intractability of ToM can be interpreted and/or evaluated, and that a formal framework is needed to make such claims more precise. I will propose such a framework. First, I will introduce Marr’s computational level of analysis and the tractable cognition thesis. This thesis states that people have limited resources for cognitive processing, and that human cognitive capacities are confined to those that can be realized using a realistic amount of time. Then, I will introduce a computational-level model of ToM, which is a special case of DEL model checking. I will give a short introduction to (parameterized) complexity theory and will present some complexity results for the model. In particular I will show that the model is PSPACE-complete and that the modal depth of a formula does not influence its complexity. Finally, I will discuss the meaning of these results for the understanding of ToM. This talk is based on my master’s thesis. For a PDF, see: http://goo.gl/21FG2G

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This Thursday: LIRa session with Iris van de Pol
by LIRa Team 10 Nov '15

10 Nov '15

Dear all, please note that on this Thursday, November 12th, we will have a LIRa session with Iris van de Pol. Everyone is cordially invited! Speaker: Iris van de Pol (ILLC) Date and Time: Thursday, November 12th 2015, 16:00-17:30 Venue: Science Park 107, Room F1.15 Title: How Difficult is it to Think that you Think that I Think that . . . ? Abstract. In this talk I will present a DEL-based computational-level model of theory of mind and its (parameterized) complexity. Theory of mind (ToM) is the psychological phenomenon that people attribute mental states like beliefs, desires and intentions to each other, and use these to explain and predict behavior. ToM is an important cognitive capacity, that is by many held to be ubiquitous in social interaction. However, at the same time, ToM seems to involve solving problems that are intractable and thus cannot be performed by humans in a (cognitively) plausible amount of time. I argue that it is not clear how existing claims by cognitive scientists and philosophers about the intractability of ToM can be interpreted and/or evaluated, and that a formal framework is needed to make such claims more precise. I will propose such a framework. First, I will introduce Marr’s computational level of analysis and the tractable cognition thesis. This thesis states that people have limited resources for cognitive processing, and that human cognitive capacities are confined to those that can be realized using a realistic amount of time. Then, I will introduce a computational-level model of ToM, which is a special case of DEL model checking. I will give a short introduction to (parameterized) complexity theory and will present some complexity results for the model. In particular I will show that the model is PSPACE-complete and that the modal depth of a formula does not influence its complexity. Finally, I will discuss the meaning of these results for the understanding of ToM. This talk is based on my master’s thesis. For a PDF, see: http://goo.gl/21FG2G

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Tomorrow: LIRa session with Tomas Veloz
by LIRa Team 28 Oct '15

28 Oct '15

Dear all, Tomorrow, Thursday October 29th 2015, we will have a LIRa session with Tomas Veloz. Everyone is cordially invited! === Speaker: Tomas Veloz Date and Time: Thursday, October 29th 2015, 16:00-17:30 Venue: Science Park 107, Room F1.15 Title: Toward a Quantum Theory of Cognition: History, Development and Perspectives. Abstract. Information processing at a conceptual level is considered to be one of the hardest challenges in Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence. While computer scientists and engineers have focused on developing advances for particular tasks, philosophers and cognitive scientists have focused on elucidating the structural nature of meaning. A remarkable bridge between these two limited-success approaches can be found in behavioral research, since, in a variety of tasks, humans process information at a conceptual level in a way that is incompatible with classical probability and fuzzy set theory. Recently, this incompatibility has been shown to occur at a deep structural level, and attempts have been made to use mathematical schemes founded on quantum structures as alternative approaches. For this reason, the application of quantum structures to this type of phenomena has received increasing attention. The quantum approach to cognition allows to faithfully model a number of non-classical deviations observed in experimental data. Moreover, it shows that genuine quantum theoretical notions, such as contextuality, superposition, emergence and entanglement, are interesting epistemic tools to understand and represent hard problems in Artificial Intelligence. In this talk, we identify some of the limitations of classical theories to handle some important cognitive tasks, introduce the fundamentals of this quantum cognitive approach, and discuss its possible applications. === Hope to see you there! The LIRa team

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Thursday: LIRa session with Tomas Veloz
by LIRa Team 25 Oct '15

25 Oct '15

Dear all, On Thursday October 29th 2015, we will have a LIRa session with Tomas Veloz. Everyone is cordially invited! === Speaker: Tomas Veloz Date and Time: Thursday, October 29th 2015, 16:00-17:30 Venue: Science Park 107, Room F1.15 Title: Toward a Quantum Theory of Cognition: History, Development and Perspectives. Abstract. Information processing at a conceptual level is considered to be one of the hardest challenges in Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence. While computer scientists and engineers have focused on developing advances for particular tasks, philosophers and cognitive scientists have focused on elucidating the structural nature of meaning. A remarkable bridge between these two limited-success approaches can be found in behavioral research, since, in a variety of tasks, humans process information at a conceptual level in a way that is incompatible with classical probability and fuzzy set theory. Recently, this incompatibility has been shown to occur at a deep structural level, and attempts have been made to use mathematical schemes founded on quantum structures as alternative approaches. For this reason, the application of quantum structures to this type of phenomena has received increasing attention. The quantum approach to cognition allows to faithfully model a number of non-classical deviations observed in experimental data. Moreover, it shows that genuine quantum theoretical notions, such as contextuality, superposition, emergence and entanglement, are interesting epistemic tools to understand and represent hard problems in Artificial Intelligence. In this talk, we identify some of the limitations of classical theories to handle some important cognitive tasks, introduce the fundamentals of this quantum cognitive approach, and discuss its possible applications. === Hope to see you there! The LIRa team

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Applied Logic Seminar at TU Delft: Marcus Pivato: Categorical Decision Theory (Tuesday, 27 October)
by LIRa Team 25 Oct '15

25 Oct '15

Dear All, we forward an invitation to the Applied Logic Seminar at TU Delft, see below for all details and contact Giuseppe Greco G.Greco(a)tudelft.nl if you have any further questions. The LIRa team ------------------------ Dear All, We would like to invite you to the Applied Logic Seminar at TU Delft (http://www.appliedlogictudelft.nl/applied-logic-seminar/). The purpose of these meetings is to disseminate and discuss ideas and results about logic, with a special focus on applications and interactions with natural and social sciences. When: Tuesday, 27 October, 2015 2.00pm - 4.00pm Where: room b1.300, building 31, Jaffalaan 5 Technische Universiteit Delft, 2628 BX Delft Speaker: Marcus Pivato (Université de Cergy-Pontoise, France) Title: Categorical Decision Theory Abstract (Joint work with Vassili Vergopoulos of the Paris School of Economics) Individuals and societies must often make difficult decisions, which are fraught with uncertainty. How should an agent decide when faced with such uncertainty? This is the subject of a branch of theoretical economics called Decision Theory. Bernoulli (1738) claimed that we should choose the alternative which yields the highest expected utility. But what justifies this methodology? Savage (1954) showed that, if our decision-making process satisfies certain axioms (encoding basic properties of "consistency" and "rationality"), then it must maximize expected utility. Savage's Theorem is considered the foundational result of modern Decision Theory. Savage posited a set S of possible "states of nature" and a set X of possible "outcomes". He supposed that each alternative defined a function (an "act") mapping states to outcomes. His theorem constructs a probability measure on S and a utility function on X. However, this approach raises at least three issues. 1. Savage assumed that S and X were arbitrary sets, and acts were arbitrary functions. But what if S and X are topological spaces, and acts must be continuous? What if S and Xare differentiable manifolds, and acts must be differentiable? We would like a single theory which works in all of these environments (and others). 2. In many applications, it is unrealistic to suppose that we can enumerate all possible states of nature or all possible outcomes "in advance". Thus, there is growing interest in developing decision theory without an explicit specification of S or X. 3. At different times, the same agent might be faced with many different sources of uncertainty (i.e. different instances of S) and many different menus of outcomes (different instances of X), in different combinations. We would like a single holistic description of the agent's decisions over all of these possible decision problems. In this talk, we will reformulate decision theory using the tools of category theory, and derive a version of Savage's theorem which addresses all three of these issues. Please do not hesitate to forward this message to anyone else who might be interested. Best wishes, Alessandra, Giuseppe, Sabine and Fan. ------------------------

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Tomorrow: LIRa session with Yibin Dai.
by Malvin Gattinger 07 Oct '15

07 Oct '15

Dear all, tomorrow we will have a LIRa session with Yibin Dai. PLEASE NOTE: We will start at 16:00 pm. === Date: Thursday, 8th of October 2015 Time: 16:00 - 17:30 Venue: ILLC Seminar room F1.15, Science Park 107, Amsterdam Speaker: Yibin Dai Title: Truth and truth practices: An investigation of Davidson’s theory of truth. Abstract. As for the concept of truth, although Davidson’s ideas don’t remain stable, his two main points of view keep same: first, that the concept of truth is undefinable; second, that truth is substantial, which, according to Davidson, means that truth is closely related to other concepts, such as meaning, belief and so on. The first point concerns the concept of truth itself; while the second one deals with the functions that the concept of truth has, which we call as “truth practices”. From these two different perspectives, I find that there is a tension between Davidson’s attitudes towards truth and truth practices and his specific ways of explaining truth practices. At one point, he thinks that truth is transcendental and translinguistic and that truth practices are empirical; at the other point, he uses his specific explanations of truth practices, such as his truth-conditional theory of meaning, to criticize other concrete explanations of truth practices, such as the use theory of meaning. However, truth practices are empirical, which means that our understandings of truth practices are not necessary to be the same. That is to say, it is possible that we have different ways to explain truth practices. === Hope to see you there! The LIRa team

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